Short Biography of B. R. Ambedkar
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1893–1956) was born on 14 April 1893. In 1907, he passed the matriculation examination from Elphinstone High School. In 1908, with the “Gaekwad” scholarship granted by the Maharaja of Baroda, he was admitted to Elphinstone Intermediate College in the Arts stream. In 1909, he married nine-year-old Ramabai. He completed his B.A. in 1912 and joined the Baroda State Military Department in 1913.
With a scholarship for higher studies, he went to Columbia University, where he obtained an M.A. in Economics in 1915. In 1916, he earned a Ph.D. for his research titled “The National Dividend of India.” In the same year, he joined the London School of Economics to pursue a D.Sc. degree.
In 1918, he resigned from his previous job and joined Sydenham College in Mumbai as a temporary professor. In 1920, he resigned again and, with the help of a Parsi friend and the Maharaja of Kolhapur, went back to London. In 1923, he earned a D.Sc. degree from the University of London for his research “The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution.” In 1924, he obtained the Bar-at-Law degree in London and returned to India to begin his legal practice.
He participated in the First Round Table Conference in London in 1930 and the Second in 1931. From 1932 to 1934, he was a member of the Joint Parliamentary Committee for constitutional reforms in India. In 1935, his wife Ramabai passed away. Between 1935 and 1945, he fought many legal battles and delivered speeches in India and abroad for the rights of the depressed classes and the untouchables.
In 1946, he resigned from the post of Labour Member in the Governor-General’s Executive Council. In November of the same year, he was elected as a representative from undivided Bengal to the Constituent Assembly. In 1947, he became the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of independent India’s Constitution and took oath as the Law Minister in Jawaharlal Nehru’s cabinet. In 1948, he married Dr. Sharda Kabir in Mumbai. On 26 November 1949, the Constitution of India, drafted under his leadership, was adopted unanimously.
In 1950, he represented India at the International Buddhist Conference in Sri Lanka. In 1951, he introduced the Hindu Code Bill as the Law Minister of independent India. In 1952, after losing the Lok Sabha election, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra. In the same year, Columbia University awarded him an L.L.D. degree.
On 14 October 1956, marking the 2500th birth anniversary of Gautama Buddha, he embraced Buddhism and founded the Republican Party of India. Dr. Ambedkar passed away on 6 December 1956.
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